Country-by-country model availabilitySUPPORTING DATA

Import duty

5.0%

VAT

5.0%

Registration fee (flat)

$187

5% customs duty on CIF value (GCC Common External Tariff) + 5% VAT since 2018. Vehicle registration is a flat RTA fee (~AED 685 first-time registration, Dubai), not a percentage tax — see https://www.bayut.com/mybayut/car-registration-dubai-guide/. Insurance ~2.5% of vehicle value/yr for this price bracket — see https://www.arabwheels.ae/blog/uae-car-insurance-cost-2026/.

Verified 2026-08-15

Import duty

64.0%

VAT

10.0%

Registration tax (rate)

6.0%

MFN (non-FTA) tariff on CBU passenger cars ~64% (WTO ceiling 70%); VAT 10%; registration/'trước bạ' temporarily halved to ~5-6% through 28 Feb 2027 under Decree 51/2025-ND-CP (normal rate 10-12%) — see https://globaldeal.io/finder/articles/japan-to-vietnam-ev-passenger-vehicle-sct-window-2026. Insurance ~1.2-1.8% of vehicle value/yr — see https://blog.investvietnam.co/car-insurance-in-vietnam-in-2026-a-complete-guide/.

Verified 2026-08-15

Import duty

15.0%

VAT

20.0%

Registration fee (flat)

$10,000

MFN duty 15% on new passenger cars (no China FTA). VAT 20%. Recycling/utilisation fee at commercial coefficients now applies to imported-for-sale cars: ~USD 10k for <=160hp, USD 12-34k+ above (flat fee here is a <=160hp proxy; indexing +10-20%/yr from 2026). Excise by engine hp additional.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

50.0%

VAT

16.0%

Duty on Chinese-made vehicles raised 20% -> 50% effective 1 Jan 2026 (non-FTA tariff decree). IVA 16%. ISAN (new-car tax) exempt/low for cheaper models.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

5.0%

VAT

15.0%

GCC Common External Tariff 5% on CBU (no GCC-China FTA in force). VAT 15%.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

35.0%

VAT

18.0%

Import tax (II) 35% on CBU incl. EV/hybrid from 1 Jul 2026 (Mercosur CET). ICMS ~18% state avg used as VAT proxy; IPI (0% BEV to 25% large ICE) and PIS/COFINS ~11.6% additional, not modelled.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

0.0%

VAT

7.0%

ASEAN-China FTA: 0% duty on Chinese CBU. VAT 7%. Excise restructured 1 Jan 2026: BEV ~2%, ICE 25-40% by CO2, higher for CBU without local production; plus interior tax 10% of excise. Excise not modelled.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

0.0%

VAT

19.0%

Chile-China FTA: 0% duty on Chinese-origin vehicles. IVA 19%. Emissions-based green tax (formula on NOx/urban mileage/price) is a modest one-off, not modelled.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

40.0%

VAT

14.0%

Customs duty 40% for engines <=1600cc, 135% for >1600cc (Presidential Decree 419/2018). VAT 14%. Development fee 3% / 5% / 8.5% by engine band, plus schedule tax, not modelled. EVs get major relief.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

5.0%

VAT

0.0%

GCC Common External Tariff 5% on CBU (no GCC-China FTA in force). No VAT implemented. Minor flat registration fees only.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

5.0%

VAT

0.0%

GCC Common External Tariff 5% on CBU (no GCC-China FTA in force). No VAT implemented.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

0.0%

VAT

10.0%

ASEAN-China FTA: 0% import duty on Chinese CBU. SST 10%. Excise 60-105% (CO2/engine) on ICE; CBU BEV import duty+excise exemption, from Jul 2026 conditional on >=RM200k customs value and >=180kW. Excise not modelled.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

0.0%

VAT

12.0%

ASEAN-China FTA: 0% duty on qualifying Chinese CBU. VAT 12% (2025). Luxury goods tax (PPnBM) 15-70% by type, reduced/zero for BEV incentive, not modelled.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

25.0%

VAT

15.0%

No China FTA. Duty 25% on CBU passenger cars. VAT 15%. Ad valorem luxury tax (0.75-30%, formula on value) and CO2 emissions tax additional, not modelled.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

0.0%

VAT

12.0%

Registration tax (rate)

4.0%

ASEAN-China FTA: 0% duty on Chinese CBU. VAT 12%. Ad valorem excise price-tiered: 4% (<=PHP 600k, used here) to 50% (>PHP 4M); hybrids half rate, BEV exempt.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

50.0%

VAT

18.0%

CBU passenger cars: customs 30-90% by engine (used ~50% for ~1500cc) + regulatory duty 10-40% + ACD 6%. Sales tax ~18%. Among the highest total burdens globally.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

15.0%

VAT

16.0%

EAEU external tariff ~15% on new cars from China. VAT 16% from 1 Jan 2026. Recycling fee (50 MRP x engine/age coefficient) is a large flat charge, not modelled; excise only above 3000cc.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

0.0%

VAT

16.0%

Registration tax (rate)

25.0%

Special vehicle tax: EV ~25% (raised from near-zero in 2024-25, used here), hybrid ~35-60%, ICE ~80-121%. GST 16%. Base customs low.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

0.0%

VAT

18.0%

Registration tax (rate)

10.0%

Peru-China FTA: 0% duty on Chinese-origin vehicles. IGV 18%. ISC (selective consumption) 10-40% by CO2 (used ~10%); 0% for BEV.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

30.0%

VAT

12.0%

No China FTA. Customs duty on cars ~30% (liberalised down from higher rates). VAT 12%. Excise/utilisation charges on imported cars vary by year, not modelled.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

7.0%

VAT

18.0%

Registration tax (rate)

70.0%

No China FTA. Customs duty 7%. Purchase tax on ICE ~70% after green-tax rebate (used here); BEV purchase tax reduced (~35%, rising). VAT 18%.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

50.0%

VAT

20.0%

Customs 10% on non-EU cars + additional customs duty 40% (min ~USD 7,000/vehicle) on China-origin since 2023 (~50% combined). OTV special consumption tax 45-220% by engine cc and value, applied on top, not modelled. VAT (KDV) 20%.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

0.0%

VAT

10.0%

ChAFTA: 0% duty on Chinese-origin vehicles. GST 10%. Luxury Car Tax 33% above ~AUD 91,387 (fuel-efficient) / 80,567 (other) not modelled.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

35.0%

VAT

19.0%

No China FTA. ICE CBU duty 35% (used here); BEV 5% and hybrids 5-15% by decree. IVA 19% (BEV 5%).

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

20.0%

VAT

7.5%

Registration tax (rate)

15.0%

Import duty 20% + National Automotive Council levy 15% (used as reg tax) ~= 35% effective on cars. VAT 7.5%.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

35.0%

VAT

21.0%

Extra-Mercosur CET on CBU passenger cars 35% (no China FTA); IVA 21%; domestic 'impuestos internos' ~20% kicks in above a price threshold (not modelled here).

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

17.5%

VAT

20.0%

No China FTA. Reduced MFN tariff for passenger cars 17.5%. VAT 20%. Registration (taxe speciale annuelle) is engine/fiscal-power based, not modelled.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

20.0%

VAT

9.0%

Free port, 0 import tariff, but 20% excise duty on motor vehicles (used as duty). GST 9%. Additional Registration Fee 100-320% of OMV and market-priced COE (~S$100k) dominate landed cost and are not modelled.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

15.0%

VAT

15.0%

Registration tax (rate)

10.0%

ICE passenger-car imports banned since 2024 - market is EV-only. EV: ~15% duty, 15% VAT, 10% surtax; excise 0% for BEV.

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

30.0%

VAT

13.0%

Registration tax (rate)

10.0%

No China FTA. Chinese sales are overwhelmingly EV: EV customs 15-40% by motor kW (used ~30%), excise 5-45% by kW, VAT 13%. ICE far higher (customs ~80% + excise 30-80%).

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

15.0%

VAT

18.0%

Customs duty ~15% on new cars (no China FTA); VAT 18%; excise levied per engine cm3, steep above 2000cc (not modelled).

Verified 2026-09-08

Import duty

25.0%

VAT

16.0%

[model knowledge, not page-cited] Import duty 25% (EAC Common External Tariff on passenger vehicles, no China FTA). On top: excise 25-35% engine-tiered, IDF 3.5%, Railway Development Levy 2%, VAT 16% — not in this single rate.

Verified 2026-09-10

Import duty

15.0%

VAT

20.0%

[model knowledge, not page-cited] EAEU Common Customs Tariff 15% on imported passenger cars. Locally assembled Geely (BelGee JV) enters the EAEU duty-free. VAT 20%.

Verified 2026-09-10

Import duty

25.0%

VAT

15.0%

[model knowledge, not page-cited] Customs duty 25% (MFN, no China FTA) — only the CD component. Bangladesh also stacks supplementary duty (20% to 350%+ by engine cc), VAT 15%, advance tax 2%, regulatory duty ~5%; total tax incidence on cars is among the world's highest and cannot be one number.

Verified 2026-09-10

Import duty

0.0%

VAT

18.0%

[model knowledge, not page-cited] Georgia levies ~0% customs duty on cars (genuine near-zero-tariff regime) — only an age/engine-tiered excise and VAT 18% apply.

Verified 2026-09-10

Import duty

35.0%

VAT

12.0%

[model knowledge, not page-cited] Ad-valorem duty 35% on CBU passenger cars (MFN; CKD local assembly is materially lower). ICE excise (price/engine-tiered) and VAT 12-15% apply on top.

Verified 2026-09-10

Import duty

30.0%

VAT

19.0%

[model knowledge, not page-cited] Customs duty 30% on imported passenger cars (MFN, no China FTA), plus VAT 19% and an engine/CO2-tiered registration tax.

Verified 2026-09-10

Import duty

5.0%

VAT

5.0%

[model knowledge, not page-cited] GCC unified customs tariff 5% on vehicles. VAT 5%. No percentage registration tax (flat fees only).

Verified 2026-09-10